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Period 6: Accelerating Global Change and Realignments, c. 1900 to the Present
Key Concept 6.1: Science and the Environment
Part I: Researchers made rapid advances in science that spread throughout the world, assisted by the development of new technology.
Pgs: 760-761, 900-903
Key Terms: Cross-Cultural Exchanges and Global Communications: Consumption and Cultural Interaction, Pan-American Culture, preeminence of the English Language, Adaptations of Technology;
Part II: Humans fundamentally changed their relationship with the environment. Pgs: 903-905
Key Terms: Global Problems: population pressure and climate change: the planet’s carrying capacity, climate change, global warming, population control
Part III: Disease, scientific innovations and conflict led to demographic shifts.
Pgs: 662-663, 907-909
Key Terms: birth control; the causes of poverty, trafficking, Global diseases: HIV/AIDS, AIDS in Africa
Key Concept 6.2: Global Conflicts and Their Consequences
Part I: Europe dominated the global political order at the beginning of the 20th century, but both land-based and transoceanic empires gave way to new forms of transregional political organization by the century’s end.
Pgs: 707-724, 781-784, 814-816, 873-877
Key Terms: The Ottoman Empire in Decline: Territorial Losses, Economic Difficulties, The Reforms of Mahmud II; The Young Turk Era, The Young Turks, (read the Proclamation of the Young Turks); The Russian Empire under pressure: Military Defeat and Social Reform, The Crimean War, Emancipation of the Serfs, Industrialization, The Witte system, Count Sergei Witte, Repression and Revolution, The Revolution of 1905; The Chinese Empire Under Siege: Opium Trade and War, Unequal Treaties, Taiping Rebellion, Taiping Program, Taiping Defeat, The Self-Strengthening Movement, Spheres of Influence, The Hundred Days Reforms, The Boxer Rebellion. 781-784: The Paris Settlement, Wilson’s Fourteen Points, The League of Nations, Self-Determination, and The Mandate System. 814-816: India’s Quest for Home Rule, Indian National Congress, Mohandas Gandhi, The India Act. 873-877: Decolonization in Africa: Forcing the French out of North Africa, France in Africa, War in Algeria, Frantz Fanon, Growth of African Nationalism, Négritude, African Independence, Freedom and Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa, Ghana, Kenya.
Part II: Emerging ideologies of anti-imperialism contributed to the dissolution of empires.
Pgs: 824-825, 867-871, 882-883, 884-886
Key Terms: Read “Africa for Africans, W.E.B. DuBois, Marcus Garvey; Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Jawaharlal Nehru, Partition and Violence, Bandung Conference, Ho Chi Minh, “Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the Need for Muslim Pakistan, The Geneva Conference, Vietnam’s “American War,” Vietnamese Victory; Islamic Resurgence in Southwest Asia and North Africa, Islamism, jihad, the Iranian Revolution, Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Saddam Hussein, the Iran-Iraq War; Politics and Economics in Latin America, Mexico, Argentina, Juan Perón, Evita, Guatemala and Nicaragua, Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán, Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas, Anastacio Somoza Garcia, Augusto Cesar Sandino, Sandinista Front for National Liberation, Contras.
Part III: Political changes were accompanied by major demographic and social consequences.
Pgs: 777, 784-785, 850-852 ,867, 868, 919, 921
Key Terms: Armenian Massacre; Map 33.2, “Memo of the General Syrian Congress;” The Holocaust, The Final Solution, Einsatzgruppen, Wannsee Conference, Auschwitz, Jewish Resistance, “We will never speak about it in public,” Map 36.3 (note the difference between Concentration Camp and Extermination Camp locations.)
Part IV: Military conflicts occurred on an unprecedented global scale.
Pgs: 760-761, 765-767, 768-777, 835-836, 836-850, 852-861, 892-896
Key Terms: read and take notes on the following sections: National Rivalries: The Naval Race and Colonial Disputes (notice the map on pg. 766) AND Understandings and Alliances The Central Powers, The Allies, and War Plans, The Schlieffen Plan; The Guns of August: Declarations of War, The Western Front, Stalemate and New Weapons, No-Man’s-Land, The Eastern Front, New Rules of Engagement; Total War: The Home Front, Women at War, Dulce et Decorum Est, Conflict in East Asia and the Pacific: Japan’s Entry into the War, The Twenty-One Demands; Battles in Africa and Southwest Asia: Gallipoli, Armenian Massacres, and The Ottoman Empire; The End of the Great War. Origins of World War II: Japan’s War in China, The Rape of Nanjing, Chinese Resistance; Italian and German Aggression: Italy and Germany, Peace for Our Time; Total War: The World Under Fire: Blitzkrieg: Germany Conquers Europe, The Fall of France, The Battle of Britain; The German Invasion of the Soviet Union: Operation Barbarossa; Battles in Asia and the Pacific: Pearl Harbor; Defeat of the Axis Powers: Allied Victory in Europe, Turning the Tide in the Pacific, Iwo Jima and Okinawa, Japanese Surrender. Life during Wartime: Women and the War: Women’s Roles. The Cold War: Origins of the Cold War, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Military Alliances, A Divided Germany, Blockade and Airlift, The Berlin Wall; The Globalization of the Cold War: The People’s Republic of China, Confrontations in Korea, the Nuclear Arms Race, Cuba: Nuclear Flashpoint, Bay of Pigs Invasion; Dissent, Intervention, and Rapprochement: De-Stalinization, Soviet Intervention, and Détante. The End of the Cold War: Revolutions in Eastern and Central Europe: Poland, Bulgaria, and Hungary, Velvet and Violent Revolutions, Fall of the Berlin Wall; The Collapse of the Soviet Union: Gorbachev’s Reforms, Perestroika and Glasnost, Collapse, Toward an Uncertain Future.
SAQ Prompts for Period 6
#1
A. Explain one benefit from the arrival of the Internet, and give an example of the positive effects.
B. Explain one way in which the Internet negatively impacted society.
#2
A. Identify and explain one scientific breakthrough with a positive effect.
B. Identify and explain one scientific breakthrough with a negative effect.
#3
A. Evaluate the effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol.
B. Identify and explain another initiative and show how it compares to the Kyoto Protocol.
#4
“If you could hear at every jolt, the blood
Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs,
Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud
Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,--
My friend, you would not tell with such high zest
To children ardent for some desperate glory.
The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est
Pro Patria mori.”
[“It is sweet and noble to die for one’s country.”]
Wilfred Owen, “Dulce et Decorum Est,” 1920
A. Describe ONE group of writers that would most likely agree with the poem’s sentiments and ONE group of people that would most likely disagree.
B. Explain ONE element of World War I that meant that many soldiers were risking death for the country that they lived under, even though it was not their nation.
#5
“Japan used a highly developed military machine and a master-race mentality to set about establishing its right to rule its neighbors. . . .
If one event can be held up as an example of the unmitigated evil lying just below the surface of unbridled military adventurism, that moment is the Rape of Nanking. . . .
When the city fell on December 13, 1937, Japanese soldiers began an orgy of cruelty seldom if ever matched in world history. . . . Years later experts at the International Military Tribunal of the Far East (IMTFE) estimated that more than 260,000 noncombatants died at the hands of Japanese soldiers in Nanking in late 1937 and early 1938, though some experts have placed the figure at well over 350,000.”
Iris Chang, The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II, 1997
Answer parts A and B.
A. Identify and explain TWO similarities between the actions of Japan and of Nazi Germany that the passage reflects.
B. Identify and explain ONE reason why Japan might have engaged in such activities in the context of that historical period.
#6
Answer parts A and B.
A. Offer TWO explanations of how World War I caused World War II.
B. Identify and briefly explain ONE difference between the fighting of World War I and the fighting of World War II.
#7
Answer parts A and B.
A. Identify how the “space race” between the United States and the Soviet Union had its origins in the Cold War nuclear arms race.
B. Using TWO specific examples, explain how the end of communism changed the relationship between the United States and the former Soviet Union.
Key Concept 6.1: Science and the Environment
Part I: Researchers made rapid advances in science that spread throughout the world, assisted by the development of new technology.
Pgs: 760-761, 900-903
Key Terms: Cross-Cultural Exchanges and Global Communications: Consumption and Cultural Interaction, Pan-American Culture, preeminence of the English Language, Adaptations of Technology;
Part II: Humans fundamentally changed their relationship with the environment. Pgs: 903-905
Key Terms: Global Problems: population pressure and climate change: the planet’s carrying capacity, climate change, global warming, population control
Part III: Disease, scientific innovations and conflict led to demographic shifts.
Pgs: 662-663, 907-909
Key Terms: birth control; the causes of poverty, trafficking, Global diseases: HIV/AIDS, AIDS in Africa
Key Concept 6.2: Global Conflicts and Their Consequences
Part I: Europe dominated the global political order at the beginning of the 20th century, but both land-based and transoceanic empires gave way to new forms of transregional political organization by the century’s end.
Pgs: 707-724, 781-784, 814-816, 873-877
Key Terms: The Ottoman Empire in Decline: Territorial Losses, Economic Difficulties, The Reforms of Mahmud II; The Young Turk Era, The Young Turks, (read the Proclamation of the Young Turks); The Russian Empire under pressure: Military Defeat and Social Reform, The Crimean War, Emancipation of the Serfs, Industrialization, The Witte system, Count Sergei Witte, Repression and Revolution, The Revolution of 1905; The Chinese Empire Under Siege: Opium Trade and War, Unequal Treaties, Taiping Rebellion, Taiping Program, Taiping Defeat, The Self-Strengthening Movement, Spheres of Influence, The Hundred Days Reforms, The Boxer Rebellion. 781-784: The Paris Settlement, Wilson’s Fourteen Points, The League of Nations, Self-Determination, and The Mandate System. 814-816: India’s Quest for Home Rule, Indian National Congress, Mohandas Gandhi, The India Act. 873-877: Decolonization in Africa: Forcing the French out of North Africa, France in Africa, War in Algeria, Frantz Fanon, Growth of African Nationalism, Négritude, African Independence, Freedom and Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa, Ghana, Kenya.
Part II: Emerging ideologies of anti-imperialism contributed to the dissolution of empires.
Pgs: 824-825, 867-871, 882-883, 884-886
Key Terms: Read “Africa for Africans, W.E.B. DuBois, Marcus Garvey; Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Jawaharlal Nehru, Partition and Violence, Bandung Conference, Ho Chi Minh, “Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the Need for Muslim Pakistan, The Geneva Conference, Vietnam’s “American War,” Vietnamese Victory; Islamic Resurgence in Southwest Asia and North Africa, Islamism, jihad, the Iranian Revolution, Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Saddam Hussein, the Iran-Iraq War; Politics and Economics in Latin America, Mexico, Argentina, Juan Perón, Evita, Guatemala and Nicaragua, Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán, Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas, Anastacio Somoza Garcia, Augusto Cesar Sandino, Sandinista Front for National Liberation, Contras.
Part III: Political changes were accompanied by major demographic and social consequences.
Pgs: 777, 784-785, 850-852 ,867, 868, 919, 921
Key Terms: Armenian Massacre; Map 33.2, “Memo of the General Syrian Congress;” The Holocaust, The Final Solution, Einsatzgruppen, Wannsee Conference, Auschwitz, Jewish Resistance, “We will never speak about it in public,” Map 36.3 (note the difference between Concentration Camp and Extermination Camp locations.)
Part IV: Military conflicts occurred on an unprecedented global scale.
Pgs: 760-761, 765-767, 768-777, 835-836, 836-850, 852-861, 892-896
Key Terms: read and take notes on the following sections: National Rivalries: The Naval Race and Colonial Disputes (notice the map on pg. 766) AND Understandings and Alliances The Central Powers, The Allies, and War Plans, The Schlieffen Plan; The Guns of August: Declarations of War, The Western Front, Stalemate and New Weapons, No-Man’s-Land, The Eastern Front, New Rules of Engagement; Total War: The Home Front, Women at War, Dulce et Decorum Est, Conflict in East Asia and the Pacific: Japan’s Entry into the War, The Twenty-One Demands; Battles in Africa and Southwest Asia: Gallipoli, Armenian Massacres, and The Ottoman Empire; The End of the Great War. Origins of World War II: Japan’s War in China, The Rape of Nanjing, Chinese Resistance; Italian and German Aggression: Italy and Germany, Peace for Our Time; Total War: The World Under Fire: Blitzkrieg: Germany Conquers Europe, The Fall of France, The Battle of Britain; The German Invasion of the Soviet Union: Operation Barbarossa; Battles in Asia and the Pacific: Pearl Harbor; Defeat of the Axis Powers: Allied Victory in Europe, Turning the Tide in the Pacific, Iwo Jima and Okinawa, Japanese Surrender. Life during Wartime: Women and the War: Women’s Roles. The Cold War: Origins of the Cold War, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Military Alliances, A Divided Germany, Blockade and Airlift, The Berlin Wall; The Globalization of the Cold War: The People’s Republic of China, Confrontations in Korea, the Nuclear Arms Race, Cuba: Nuclear Flashpoint, Bay of Pigs Invasion; Dissent, Intervention, and Rapprochement: De-Stalinization, Soviet Intervention, and Détante. The End of the Cold War: Revolutions in Eastern and Central Europe: Poland, Bulgaria, and Hungary, Velvet and Violent Revolutions, Fall of the Berlin Wall; The Collapse of the Soviet Union: Gorbachev’s Reforms, Perestroika and Glasnost, Collapse, Toward an Uncertain Future.
SAQ Prompts for Period 6
#1
A. Explain one benefit from the arrival of the Internet, and give an example of the positive effects.
B. Explain one way in which the Internet negatively impacted society.
#2
A. Identify and explain one scientific breakthrough with a positive effect.
B. Identify and explain one scientific breakthrough with a negative effect.
#3
A. Evaluate the effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol.
B. Identify and explain another initiative and show how it compares to the Kyoto Protocol.
#4
“If you could hear at every jolt, the blood
Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs,
Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud
Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues,--
My friend, you would not tell with such high zest
To children ardent for some desperate glory.
The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est
Pro Patria mori.”
[“It is sweet and noble to die for one’s country.”]
Wilfred Owen, “Dulce et Decorum Est,” 1920
A. Describe ONE group of writers that would most likely agree with the poem’s sentiments and ONE group of people that would most likely disagree.
B. Explain ONE element of World War I that meant that many soldiers were risking death for the country that they lived under, even though it was not their nation.
#5
“Japan used a highly developed military machine and a master-race mentality to set about establishing its right to rule its neighbors. . . .
If one event can be held up as an example of the unmitigated evil lying just below the surface of unbridled military adventurism, that moment is the Rape of Nanking. . . .
When the city fell on December 13, 1937, Japanese soldiers began an orgy of cruelty seldom if ever matched in world history. . . . Years later experts at the International Military Tribunal of the Far East (IMTFE) estimated that more than 260,000 noncombatants died at the hands of Japanese soldiers in Nanking in late 1937 and early 1938, though some experts have placed the figure at well over 350,000.”
Iris Chang, The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II, 1997
Answer parts A and B.
A. Identify and explain TWO similarities between the actions of Japan and of Nazi Germany that the passage reflects.
B. Identify and explain ONE reason why Japan might have engaged in such activities in the context of that historical period.
#6
Answer parts A and B.
A. Offer TWO explanations of how World War I caused World War II.
B. Identify and briefly explain ONE difference between the fighting of World War I and the fighting of World War II.
#7
Answer parts A and B.
A. Identify how the “space race” between the United States and the Soviet Union had its origins in the Cold War nuclear arms race.
B. Using TWO specific examples, explain how the end of communism changed the relationship between the United States and the former Soviet Union.
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